Investigations in the physiological demands of soccer have identified that a significant percentage of energy production in match performance is provided through the aerobic pathways. It is therefore important to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2Max) of players in order to evaluate their aerobic fitness status and optimize their physical conditioning. However, it is also important to consider the variation of (VO_2Max) profiles for soccer players, with differences having been identified in terms of playing position as well as playing style. This paper reviews the academic literature between 1996 and 2006 and reports on the methodologies employed and the values obtained for stature, body mass and (VO_2Max) profiles of soccer players of different positions in professional Brazilian clubs at U-17, U-20 and First Division levels. Indirect measurements accounted for the majority of tests conducted at U-17 (70%) and U-20 (84.6%) levels whereas at First Division level almost half of the (VO_2Max) evaluations were performed by direct measurements (47.8%). The mean (VO_2Max) profiles obtained for outfield players in U-17 was 56.95 ± 3.60 ml·kg^-1·min^-1, 58.13 ± 3.21 ml·kg^-1·min^-1 for U-20 players and 56.58 ± 5.03 ml·kg^-1·min^-1 for First Division players. In Brazil, the U-20 players appear to have highest VO_2Max values, however the profiles reported for all outfield positions in U-17 and First Division levels are often lower than those reported for the same category of players from other countries. This may be a reflection of the style of play used in Brazilian soccer. This is further emphasized by the fact that the playing position with the highest VO_2Max values was the external defenders whereas most findings from studies performed in European soccer indicate that midfielders require the highest VO_2Max values.

• Physical and physiological differences exist between Brazilian soccer and European soccer.

• Players in Brazil appear to be shorter in stature, similar in body mass and have a lower overall aerobic capacity to their European equivalents

• In Brazil, there seems to be a physical development phase for players at U-20 level which prepares them for the demands at First Division level.